C语言库函数 (C类字母)

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修身正心

2016-02-19 21:34

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  [ 发表日期:2002-1-4 9:28:46 ]
  
  函数名: cabs
  功 能: 计算复数的绝对值
  用 法: double cabs(strUCt complex z);
  程序例:
  #include stdio.h
  #include math.h int main(void)
  {
  struct complex z;
  double val; z.x = 2.0;
  z.y = 1.0;
  val = cabs(z); printf("The absolute value of %.2lfi %.2lfj is %.2lf", z.x, z.y, val);
  return 0;
  }
  函数名: calloc
  功 能: 分配主存储器
  用 法: void *calloc(size_t nelem, size_t elsize);
  程序例: #include stdio.h
  #include alloc.h int main(void)
  {
  char *str = NULL; /* allocate memory for string */
  str = calloc(10, sizeof(char)); /* copy "Hello" into string */
  strcpy(str, "Hello"); /* display string */
  printf("String is %s", str); /* free memory */
  free(str); return 0;
  }
  函数名: ceil
  功 能: 向上舍入
  用 法: double ceil(double x);
  程序例: #include math.h
  #include stdio.h int main(void)
  {
  double number = 123.54;
  double down, up; down = floor(number);
  up = ceil(number); printf("original number %5.2lf", number);
  printf("number rounded down %5.2lf", down);
  printf("number rounded up %5.2lf", up); return 0;
  }
  函数名: cgets
  功 能: 从控制台读字符串
  用 法: char *cgets(char *str);
  程序例: #include stdio.h
  #include conio.h int main(void)
  {
  char buffer[83];
  char *p; /* There's space for 80 characters plus the NULL terminator */
  buffer[0] = 81; printf("Input some chars:");
  p = cgets(buffer);
  printf("cgets read %d characters: "%s"", buffer[1], p);
  printf("The returned pointer is %p, buffer[0] is at %p", p, &buffer); /* Leave room for 5 characters plus the NULL terminator */
  buffer[0] = 6; printf("Input some chars:");
  p = cgets(buffer);
  printf("cgets read %d characters: "%s"", buffer[1], p);
  printf("The returned pointer is %p, buffer[0] is at %p", p, &buffer);
  return 0;
  }
  函数名: chdir
  功 能: 改变工作目录
  用 法: int chdir(const char *path);
  程序例: #include stdio.h
  #include stdlib.h
  #include dir.h char old_dir[MAXDIR];
  char new_dir[MAXDIR]; int main(void)
  {
  if (getcurdir(0, old_dir))
  {
  perror("getcurdir()");
  exit(1);
  }
  printf("Current Directory is: %s", old_dir); if (chdir(""))
  {
  perror("chdir()");
  exit(1);
  } if (getcurdir(0, new_dir))
  
   {
  perror("getcurdir()");
  exit(1);
  }
  printf("Current directory is now: %s", new_dir); printf("Changing back to orignal directory: %s", old_dir);
  if (chdir(old_dir))
  {
  perror("chdir()");
  exit(1);
  } return 0;
  } 函数名: _chmod, chmod
  功 能: 改变文件的访问方式
  用 法: int chmod(const char *filename, int permiss);
  程序例: #include sysstat.h
  #include stdio.h
  #include io.h void make_read_only(char *filename); int main(void)
  {
  make_read_only("NOTEXIST.FIL");
  make_read_only("MYFILE.FIL");
  return 0;
  } void make_read_only(char *filename)
  {
  int stat; stat = chmod(filename, S_IREAD);
  if (stat)
  printf("Couldn't make %s read-only", filename);
  else
  printf("Made %s read-only", filename);
  }
  函数名: chsize
  功 能: 改变文件大小
  用 法: int chsize(int handle, long size);
  程序例: #include string.h
  #include fcntl.h
  #include io.h int main(void)
  {
  int handle;
  char buf[11] = "0123456789"; /* create text file containing 10 bytes */
  handle = open("DUMMY.FIL", O_CREAT);
  write(handle, buf, strlen(buf)); /* truncate the file to 5 bytes in size */
  chsize(handle, 5); /* close the file */
  close(handle);
  return 0;
  } 函数名: circle
  功 能: 在给定半径以(x, y)为圆心画圆
  用 法: void far circle(int x, int y, int radius);
  程序例: #include graphics.h
  #include stdlib.h
  #include stdio.h
  #include conio.h int main(void)
  {
  /* request auto detection */
  int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
  int midx, midy;
  int radius = 100; /* initialize graphics and local variables */
  initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */
  errorcode = graphresult();
  if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
  {
  printf("Graphics error: %s", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
  printf("Press any key to halt:");
  getch();
  exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
  } midx = getmaxx() / 2;
  midy = getmaxy() / 2;
  setcolor(getmaxcolor()); /* draw the circle */
  circle(midx, midy, radius); /* clean up */
  getch();
  closegraph();
  return 0;
  }
  函数名: cleardevice
  功 能: 清除图形屏幕
  用 法: void far cleardevice(void);
  程序例: #include graphics.h
  #include stdlib.h
  #include stdio.h
  #include conio.h int main(void)
  {
  /* request auto detection */
  int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
  int midx, midy; /* initialize graphics and local variables */
  initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */
  errorcode = graphresult();
  if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
  
   {
  printf("Graphics error: %s", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
  printf("Press any key to halt:");
  getch();
  exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
  } midx = getmaxx() / 2;
  midy = getmaxy() / 2;
  setcolor(getmaxcolor()); /* for centering screen messages */
  settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); /* output a message to the screen */
  outtextxy(midx, midy, "press any key to clear the screen:"); /* wait for a key */
  getch(); /* clear the screen */
  cleardevice(); /* output another message */
  outtextxy(midx, midy, "press any key to quit:"); /* clean up */
  getch();
  closegraph();
  return 0;
  }
  函数名: clearerr
  功 能: 复位错误标志
  用 法:void clearerr(FILE *stream);
  程序例: #include stdio.h int main(void)
  {
  FILE *fp;
  char ch; /* open a file for writing */
  fp = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w"); /* force an error condition by attempting to read */
  ch = fgetc(fp);
  printf("%c",ch); if (ferror(fp))
  {
  /* display an error message */
  printf("Error reading from DUMMY.FIL"); /* reset the error and EOF indicators */
  clearerr(fp);
  } fclose(fp);
  return 0;
  }
  函数名: clearviewport
  功 能: 清除图形视区
  用 法: void far clearviewport(void);
  程序例: #include graphics.h
  #include stdlib.h
  #include stdio.h
  #include conio.h #define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ int main(void)
  {
  /* request auto detection */
  int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
  int ht; /* initialize graphics and local variables */
  initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */
  errorcode = graphresult();
  if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
  {
  printf("Graphics error: %s", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
  printf("Press any key to halt:");
  getch();
  exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
  } setcolor(getmaxcolor());
  ht = textheight("W"); /* message in default full-screen viewport */
  outtextxy(0, 0, "* -- (0, 0) in default viewport"); /* create a smaller viewport */
  setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); /* display some messages */
  outtextxy(0, 0, "* -- (0, 0) in smaller viewport");
  outtextxy(0, 2*ht, "Press any key to clear viewport:"); /* wait for a key */
  getch(); /* clear the viewport */
  clearviewport(); /* output another message */
  outtextxy(0, 0, "Press any key to quit:"); /* clean up */
  getch();
  closegraph();
  return 0;
  }
  函数名: _close, close
  功 能: 关闭文件句柄
  用 法: int close(int handle);
  程序例: #include string.h
  #include stdio.h
  #include fcntl.h
  
   #include io.h main()
  {
  int handle;
  char buf[11] = "0123456789"; /* create a file containing 10 bytes */
  handle = open("NEW.FIL", O_CREAT);
  if (handle -1)
  {
  write(handle, buf, strlen(buf)); /* close the file */
  close(handle);
  }
  else
  {
  printf("Error opening file");
  }
  return 0;
  }
  函数名: clock
  功 能: 确定处理器时间
  用 法: clock_t clock(void);
  程序例: #include time.h
  #include stdio.h
  #include dos.h int main(void)
  {
  clock_t start, end;
  start = clock(); delay(2000); end = clock();
  printf("The time was: %f", (end - start) / CLK_TCK); return 0;
  }
  函数名: closegraph
  功 能: 关闭图形系统
  用 法: void far closegraph(void);
  程序例: #include graphics.h
  #include stdlib.h
  #include stdio.h
  #include conio.h int main(void)
  {
  /* request auto detection */
  int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
  int x, y; /* initialize graphics mode */
  initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); /* read result of initialization */
  errorcode = graphresult(); if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error
  occurred */
  {
  printf("Graphics error: %s", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
  printf("Press any key to halt:");
  getch();
  exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
  } x = getmaxx() / 2;
  y = getmaxy() / 2; /* output a message */
  settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
  outtextxy(x, y, "Press a key to close the graphics system:"); /* wait for a key */
  getch(); /* closes down the graphics system */
  closegraph(); printf("We're now back in text mode.");
  printf("Press any key to halt:");
  getch();
  return 0;
  }
  函数名: clreol
  功 能: 在文本窗口中清除字符到行末
  用 法: void clreol(void);
  程序例: #include conio.h int main(void) {
  clrscr();
  cprintf("The function CLREOL clears all characters from the");
  cprintf("cursor position to the end of the line within the");
  cprintf("current text window, without moving the cursor.");
  cprintf("Press any key to continue . . .");
  gotoxy(14, 4);
  getch(); clreol();
  getch(); return 0;
  }
  函数名: clrscr
  功 能: 清除文本模式窗口
  用 法: void clrscr(void);
  程序例: #include conio.h int main(void)
  {
  int i; clrscr();
  for (i = 0; i 20; i++)
  cprintf("%d", i);
  cprintf("Press any key to clear screen");
  getch(); clrscr();
  cprintf("The screen has been cleared!");
  getch(); return 0;
  }
  函数名: coreleft
  功 能: 返回未使用内存的大小
  用 法: unsigned coreleft(void);
  程序例: #include stdio.h
  #include alloc.h int main(void)
  
   {
  printf("The difference between the highest allocated block and");
  printf("the top of the heap is: %lu bytes", (unsigned long) coreleft()); return 0;
  }
  函数名: cos
  功 能: 余弦函数
  用 法: double cos(double x);
  程序例: #include stdio.h
  #include math.h int main(void)
  {
  double result;
  double x = 0.5; result = cos(x);
  printf("The cosine of %lf is %lf", x, result);
  return 0;
  }
  函数名: cosh
  功 能: 双曲余弦函数
  用 法: dluble cosh(double x);
  程序例: #include stdio.h
  #include math.h int main(void)
  {
  double result;
  double x = 0.5; result = cosh(x);
  printf("The hyperboic cosine of %lf is %lf", x, result);
  return 0;
  }
  函数名: country
  功 能: 返回与国家有关的信息
  用 法: struct COUNTRY *country(int countrycode, struct country *country);
  程序例: #include dos.h
  #include stdio.h #define USA 0 int main(void)
  {
  struct COUNTRY country_info; country(USA, &country_info);
  printf("The currency symbol for the USA is: %s",
  country_info.co_curr);
  return 0;
  }
  函数名: cprintf
  功 能: 送格式化输出至屏幕
  用 法: int cprintf(const char *format[, argument, ...]);
  程序例: #include conio.h int main(void)
  {
  /* clear the screen */
  clrscr(); /* create a text window */
  window(10, 10, 80, 25); /* output some text in the window */
  cprintf("Hello world"); /* wait for a key */
  getch();
  return 0;
  }
  函数名: cputs
  功 能: 写字符到屏幕
  用 法: void cputs(const char *string);
  程序例: #include conio.h int main(void)
  {
  /* clear the screen */
  clrscr(); /* create a text window */
  window(10, 10, 80, 25); /* output some text in the window */
  cputs("This is within the window"); /* wait for a key */
  getch();
  return 0;
  }
  函数名: _creat creat
  功 能: 创建一个新文件或重写一个已存在的文件
  用 法: int creat (const char *filename, int permiss);
  程序例: #include sysstat.h
  #include string.h
  #include fcntl.h
  #include io.h int main(void)
  {
  int handle;
  char buf[11] = "0123456789"; /* change the default file mode from text to binary */
  _fmode = O_BINARY; /* create a binary file for reading and writing */
  handle = creat("DUMMY.FIL", S_IREAD S_IWRITE); /* write 10 bytes to the file */
  write(handle, buf, strlen(buf)); /* close the file */
  close(handle);
  return 0;
  }
  函数名: creatnew
  功 能: 创建一个新文件
  用 法: int creatnew(const char *filename, int attrib);
  程序例: #include string.h
  #include stdio.h
  #include errno.h
  #include dos.h
  
   #include io.h int main(void)
  {
  int handle;
  char buf[11] = "0123456789"; /* attempt to create a file that doesn't already exist */
  handle = creatnew("DUMMY.FIL", 0); if (handle == -1)
  printf("DUMMY.FIL already exists.");
  else
  {
  printf("DUMMY.FIL successfully created.");
  write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));
  close(handle);
  }
  return 0;
  }
  函数名: creattemp
  功 能: 创建一个新文件或重写一个已存在的文件
  用 法: int creattemp(const char *filename, int attrib);
  程序例: #include string.h
  #include stdio.h
  #include io.h int main(void)
  {
  int handle;
  char pathname[128]; strcpy(pathname, ""); /* create a unique file in the root directory */
  handle = creattemp(pathname, 0); printf("%s was the unique file created.", pathname);
  close(handle);
  return 0;
  }
  函数名: cscanf
  功 能: 从控制台执行格式化输入
  用 法: int cscanf(char *format[,argument, ...]);
  程序例: #include conio.h int main(void)
  {
  char string[80]; /* clear the screen */
  clrscr(); /* Prompt the user for input */
  cprintf("Enter a string with no spaces:"); /* read the input */
  cscanf("%s", string); /* display what was read */
  cprintf("The string entered is: %s", string);
  return 0;
  }
  函数名: ctime
  功 能: 把日期和时间转换为字符串
  用 法: char *ctime(const time_t *time);
  程序例: #include stdio.h
  #include time.h int main(void)
  {
  time_t t; time(&t);
  printf("Today's date and time: %s", ctime(&t));
  return 0;
  }
  函数名: ctrlbrk
  功 能: 设置Ctrl-Break处理程序
  用 法: void ctrlbrk(*fptr)(void);
  程序例: #include stdio.h
  #include dos.h #define ABORT 0 int c_break(void)
  {
  printf("Control-Break pressed. Program aborting ...");
  return (ABORT);
  } int main(void)
  {
  ctrlbrk(c_break);
  for(;;)
  {
  printf("Looping... Press Ctrl-Break to quit:");
  }
  return 0;
  }
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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