首先程序创建了一个ManualResetEvent对象,该对象就像一个信号灯,可以利用它的信号来通知其它线程。
本例中,当线程池中所有线程工作都完成以后,ManualResetEvent对象将被设置为有信号,从而通知主线程继续运行。
ManualResetEvent对象有几个重要的方法:
初始化该对象时,用户可以指定其默认的状态(有信号/无信号);
在初始化以后,该对象将保持原来的状态不变,直到它的Reset()或者Set()方法被调用:
Reset()方法:将其设置为无信号状态;
Set()方法:将其设置为有信号状态。
WaitOne()方法:使当前线程挂起,直到ManualResetEvent对象处于有信号状态,此时该线程将被激活。然后,程序将向线程池中添加工作项,这些以函数形式提供的工作项被系统用来初始化自动建立的线程。当所有的线程都运行完了以后,ManualResetEvent.Set()方法被调用,因为调用了ManualResetEvent.WaitOne()方法而处在等待状态的主线程将接收到这个信号,于是它接着往下执行,完成后边的工作。
ThreadPool 的用法示例:
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Threading;
namespace ThreadExample
{
//这是用来保存信息的数据结构,将作为参数被传递
public class SomeState
{
public int Cookie;
public SomeState(int iCookie)
{
Cookie = iCookie;
}
}
public class Alpha
{
public Hashtable HashCount;
public ManualResetEvent eventX;
public static int iCount = 0;
public static int iMaxCount = 0;
public Alpha(int MaxCount)
{
HashCount = new Hashtable(MaxCount);
iMaxCount = MaxCount;
}
//线程池里的线程将调用Beta()方法
public void Beta(Object state)
{
//输出当前线程的hash编码值和Cookie的值
Console.WriteLine(" {0} {1} :", Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode(),((SomeState)state).Cookie);
Console.WriteLine("HashCount.Count=={0}, Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode()=={1}", HashCount.Count, Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode());
lock (HashCount)
{
//如果当前的Hash表中没有当前线程的Hash值,则添加之
if (!HashCount.ContainsKey(Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode()))
HashCount.Add (Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode(), 0);
HashCount[Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode()] =
((int)HashCount[Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode()])+1;
}
int iX = 2000;
Thread.Sleep(iX);
//Interlocked.Increment()操作是一个原子操作,具体请看下面说明
Interlocked.Increment(ref iCount);
if (iCount == iMaxCount)
{
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Setting eventX ");
eventX.Set();
}
}
}
public class SimplePool
{
public static int Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Thread Pool Sample:");
bool W2K = false;
int MaxCount = 10;//允许线程池中运行最多10个线程
//新建ManualResetEvent对象并且初始化为无信号状态
ManualResetEvent eventX = new ManualResetEvent(false);
Console.WriteLine("Queuing {0} items to Thread Pool", MaxCount);
Alpha oAlpha = new Alpha(MaxCount);
//创建工作项
//注意初始化oAlpha对象的eventX属性
oAlpha.eventX = eventX;
Console.WriteLine("Queue to Thread Pool 0");
try
{
//将工作项装入线程池
//这里要用到Windows 2000以上版本才有的API,所以可能出现NotSupportException异常
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new WaitCallback(oAlpha.Beta), new SomeState(0));
W2K = true;
}
catch (NotSupportedException)
{
Console.WriteLine("These API's may fail when called on a non-Windows 2000 system.");
W2K = false;
}
if (W2K)//如果当前系统支持ThreadPool的方法.
{
for (int iItem=1;iItem MaxCount;iItem++)
{
//插入队列元素
Console.WriteLine("Queue to Thread Pool {0}", iItem);
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new WaitCallback(oAlpha.Beta), new SomeState(iItem));
}
Console.WriteLine("Waiting for Thread Pool to drain");
//等待事件的完成,即线程调用ManualResetEvent.Set()方法
eventX.WaitOne(Timeout.Infinite,true);
//WaitOne()方法使调用它的线程等待直到eventX.Set()方法被调用
Console.WriteLine("Thread Pool has been drained (Event fired)");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Load across threads");
foreach(object o in oAlpha.HashCount.Keys)
Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", o, oAlpha.HashCount[o]);
}
Console.ReadLine();
return 0;
}
}
}
}
程序中应该引起注意的地方:
SomeState类是一个保存信息的数据结构,它在程序中作为参数被传递给每一个线程,因为你需要把一些有用的信息封装起来提供给线程,而这种方式是非常有效的。
程序出现的InterLocked类也是专为多线程程序而存在的,它提供了一些有用的原子操作。
(本文来源于图老师网站,更多请访问http://m.tulaoshi.com/bianchengyuyan/)原子操作:就是在多线程程序中,如果这个线程调用这个操作修改一个变量,那么其他线程就不能修改这个变量了,这跟lock关键字在本质上是一样的。
Thread Pool Sample:
Queuing 10 items to Thread Pool
Queue to Thread Pool 0
Queue to Thread Pool 1
Queue to Thread Pool 2
Queue to Thread Pool 3
Queue to Thread Pool 4
Queue to Thread Pool 5
2 0 :
HashCount.Count==0, Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode()==2
Queue to Thread Pool 6
Queue to Thread Pool 7
Queue to Thread Pool 8
Queue to Thread Pool 9
Waiting for Thread Pool to drain
4 1 :
HashCount.Count==1, Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode()==4
6 2 :
HashCount.Count==1, Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode()==6
7 3 :
HashCount.Count==1, Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode()==7
2 4 :
HashCount.Count==1, Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode()==2
8 5 :
HashCount.Count==2, Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode()==8
9 6 :
HashCount.Count==2, Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode()==9
10 7 :
HashCount.Count==2, Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode()==10
11 8 :
HashCount.Count==2, Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode()==11
4 9 :
HashCount.Count==2, Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode()==4
Setting eventX
Thread Pool has been drained (Event fired)
Load across threads
11 1
10 1
9 1
8 1
7 1
6 1
4 2
2 2
我们应该彻底地分析上面的程序,把握住线程池的本质,理解它存在的意义是什么,这样才能得心应手地使用它。