Linux下的各种备份方法汇总
Linux下的各种备份方法汇总,Linux下的各种备份方法汇总
最常见的备份方法是在命令行上用经典的备份程序tar .是最通用最简单也最有用的备份工具
# tar cvf backup.tar /etc (备份整个etc 目录及下面的所有子目录和文件)
#gzip -9 backup.tar (得到最大的压缩率)
你可以把备份后的backup.tar.gz转存到其它介质,CDR/CDRW光盘,私人信箱等
二. 跨服务器的备份
1. 利用ssh/scp功能直接把文件或目录从一台服务器拷贝到另一台服务器上。
参见文章荟萃中另一篇文章《如何不用密码进行ssh/scp》
2. 利用smbmount先mount另一台服务器上的Samba共享目录到这台机器的某目录下,直接进行cp操作。
如:[root@sh/mnt]# smbmount //sh3/pub /mnt/sh3 -N
将服务器sh3上的Samba共享目录pub mount到服务器sh上的/mnt/sh3目录下面。且不提示密码
3. 利用NFS功能进行服务器间的备份,有一定程序的安全性问题,在此不多做介绍。
三. 备份到其它介质
你可以备份到磁带,ZIP drive , JAZ drive
1. 备份到磁带
假设你已经设置并安装好了磁带机,本人用的是HP SuitStore 500,外置,SCSI接口。
1. 查看磁带中的目录 tar tvf /dev/st0
2. 查看磁带内容并输出到一个文件中 tar tvf /dev/st0 stlist
3. 备份档案 tar cvf /dev/st0 /etc
tar cvf /dev/st0 /etc/hosts /boot /etc/smb.conf
4. 按指定的文件内容或目录释放出磁带中的相应文件
tar -T stlist -xvf /dev/st0
tar xvfz /dev/st0 /etc/
6. 附加个别文件到磁带后面
tar -r /etc/hosts /etc/passwd -vf /dev/st0
7. 从现有磁带中删除一个或几个文件
tar --delete etc/hosts -vf /dev/st0
8. 附加一个现有的tar文档到磁带后面
tar -A pamd.tar -vf /dev/st0
2. 备份到JAZ 驱动器
7.3 Getting a Zip drive to work
(参见Redhat FAQ: http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/faqs/rhl_general_faq/FAQ.html )
There are excellent references in the ZIP HOWTOs at http://www.redhat.com/mirrors/LDP.
Also, there is a Zip HOWTO at:
http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX-3.html
In Red Hat Linux 6.1, there are a few extra steps needed to get a parallel port Zip drive to work:
Edit your /etc/conf.modules and add:
alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc
alias scsi_hostadapter ppa
Then log in as root and run:
modprobe ppa
Some people have had problems if they daisy chain a Zip drive off of a chain with a
printer on it. Currently, we recommend that you use either the printer or the Zip drive.
For more information, check www.torque.net/paraport
If you are having problems with an IDE Zip drive, here is further information:
First check and make sure there is a disk in the drive. Also, make sure you are mounting
it as partition 4 instead of 1. An example would be hdc4. The reason for this is that
the Macintosh uses partition 4 for its data partition and has problems if data is on
another partition.
3备份到 JAZ 驱动器
假定JAQ驱动器为SCSI接口,把JAZ驱动器当作SCSI链上的一个存储设备即可。
四. 跨操作系统进行备份
1. 把Linux服务器上的数据资料备份到windows 95/98机器上
假定一台windows机器jephe有一完全读写共享目录 data ,且密码为 secret ,现希望把Linux上的
文件备份到这个共享目录下,则先把这个共享可写目录mount到Linux下,再做普通的cp操作
附:在Linux上对Novell服务器上的数据进行备份:(http://www.pcquest.com/linux/netware.asp)
NetWare And Linux
Making your Linux server talk to NetWare servers and printers
As almost every office-LAN has a NetWare server, your desktop client must be able to talk
to NetWare. This article tells you how a Linux box can access files on a Novell server
and print to a Novell print queue.
Linux, by default, uses the IP network protocol for network communication. However, Novell
NetWare uses the IPX network pr